Other variables The following data were collected as confounding variables: age, sex, education level ( elementary school, middle school, high school, or college), household income (quartile), alcohol intake (drinking alcohol at least once a month), adequate aerobic physical activity (moderate physical activity 150 min/week or vigorous physical activity 75 min/week), obesity status (body mass index 25 kg/m 2 ), and comorbidities (defined by questionnaires regarding doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia) 17,18
Acetaldehyde stimulates dopaminergic reward pathways, making cigarettes more reinforcing and habit-forming
The nicotine strength varies as Geek Bar is popular all around the world
) is a strong candidate
Once the cigarette butts are discarded, the seeds take root and sprout into healthy plants